Targeted therapy focuses on specific molecules involved in cancer growth. HER2-positive breast cancers, which have an overexpression of the HER2 protein, can be treated with targeted therapies like trastuzumab (Herceptin) to inhibit the protein’s action.

Immunotherapy, although not as commonly used in breast cancer as in some other cancers, is being explored as a treatment option. It aims to boost the body’s immune response against cancer cells.

Hormone therapy is used for hormone receptor-positive breast cancers, where hormones like estrogen or progesterone contribute to cancer growth. Medications such as tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors are used to block hormone receptors and prevent cancer cells from growing.